Sanskriti: Journal of Humanities (ISSN: 3007-9055) publishes original research and reflective articles in literature, history, folklore, cultural studies, and education. The journal maintains strict standards against commercial, religious, or political bias, ensuring all work is objective and ethical. Submissions undergo rigorous peer review, and any inappropriate or discriminatory content is rejected. Our goal is to uphold the highest academic and ethical standards in every published article. The journal is indexed in DOAJ, CrossRef, and other reputable databases, ensuring wide visibility and recognition.
A Rasa-Dhvani Reading of Kabir's Select Verses in Translation
This paper attempts to read the select verses from Kabir’s nirguna poetry in light of the rasa-dhvani school of Indian aesthetics and philosophy. In an attempt to critically interpret Kabir’s work within the context of contemporary literary scholarship, the researcher has chosen Vinay Dharwadkar’s English translation from his work titled Kabir: The Weaver’s Songs (2003). Rather than framing Kabir’s nirguna bhakti as a contest of spiritual supremacy, this study emphasizes its inward, participatory nature - an invitation to self-reflection and experiential engagement with the self as approved by Anandvardhana’s conception of Sahrdaya. The paper, therefore, attempts to explore Kabir both as a poet and as a philosopher, within the larger ambit of the evocation of rasas in his select compositions. Drawing on Anandavardhana’s Dhvani theory, the researcher analyzes how aesthetic suggestion operates in Kabir’s verses to articulate the egalitarian ethos. Select extracts by Dharwadkar serve as the textual basis for this inquiry, thereby facilitating a detailed assessment of Kabir’s philosophical poetics within the framework of rasa-dhvani aesthetics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saumya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From Shastra to Software: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and AI through ChatGPT-Assisted Integration of Indian Knowledge Systems
The integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into modern education has gained renewed attention under the National Education Policy (NEP 2020), emphasizing culturally grounded and holistic learning. This study explores the role of ChatGPT-assisted pedagogy in facilitating the incorporation of IKS into contemporary teaching–learning processes. Adopting a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 30 participants, including students and teachers, using a structured questionnaire on awareness of IKS, frequency of ChatGPT use, perceived pedagogical effectiveness, and ethical considerations. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential analyses (one-sample t-test) were employed to evaluate the impact of ChatGPT on IKS integration. Results indicate a high level of awareness and positive perception of IKS among respondents, with ChatGPT significantly enhancing engagement, comprehension, and the connection between traditional knowledge and modern curricula. Ethical guidelines and teacher supervision were highlighted as necessary to prevent over-dependence and maintain academic integrity. The study concludes that ChatGPT can act as an effective pedagogical tool, bridging ancient Indian knowledge with contemporary educational practices, thereby supporting self-directed learning, interactive engagement, and culturally rooted instruction. These findings offer practical insights for educators, curriculum planners, and policymakers aiming to integrate AI-assisted pedagogy with indigenous knowledge systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 BAIDURYA ROY (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Portrayal of Women in B. P. Koirala’s “Soldier” and “To the Lowland”
P. Koirala (1914-1982) presents Nepal’s quest for social and political awakening through women in his short fiction. His fiction portrays women as puppets in men's hands and agents questioning social authority to tame their bodies. This paper examines two of his short stories: “The Soldier” (1938) and “To the Lowland” (1938). Historically, Nepal was socially and politically awakening into its modernity in the 1930s. These stories help us understand the social forces and the perceptions of people from the 1930s. “The Soldier” depicts women as objects of men's desire. In the next story, he explores an entirely different contour of women's self in “To the Lowland,” where the widow decides to resettle in the Terai by marrying a man and starting a family. The writer challenges traditional beliefs about widowhood by critiquing the limits of patriarchy through the portrayal of a woman's self in his fiction. This study reads the selected two short stories through the feminist lens of Simone de Beauvoir and Kate Miller to examine the formation of social forces and the challenges posed to the rigid structure of patriarchy during the awakening of modern Nepal in the 1930s.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komal Prasad Phuyal, Chet Bahadur Pokhrel, Lalit Kumar Rai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
"The Human Dress Is Forged Iron" : (Re)imagining Postmodern Masculinity and Gendered Logic of Bureaucratic Desire in Harold Pinter’s The Hothouse.
Harold Pinter’s The Hothouse functions not merely as an absurdist drama but as a trenchant theatrical interrogation of power, the performance of masculinity, and the biopolitical management of human life. This paper analyzes the play by synthesizing Connell’s theory of masculinity, Butler's framework of gender performativity, and contemporary critiques rooted in affect theory and posthumanism. The core argument posits that the institutional apparatus of The Hothouse operates through two destructive masculine modalities: the authoritative-affective (Roote and Gibbs) and the complicit-instrumental (Lush, Lamb). The paper begins with a critical examination of erotic power, focusing on Roote’s libidinal fixation and Gibbs’ manipulation of desire. Sexuality here operates not as a byproduct of authority but as its generative force—an apparatus through which bureaucratic power is produced. The second section of the paper turns to figures like Lamb and Lush whose dehumanization exposes a process of posthuman subjectivation where subjects become expendable bodies—homo sacer figures caught in a biopolitical machinery that governs through experimentation and annihilation. The paper foregrounds the critical questions raised by this convergence: To what extent is masculine performativity always already a function of institutionalized desire? How does biopolitical rationality dissolve human agency, transforming the subject into a posthuman object of systemic logic? The paper,therefore, reflects on how Pinter's dramatic scenarios expose the ontological contingency of masculine identity, positioning dominance, eroticism, and dehumanization as synchronous manifestations of personal pathology and systemic critique, thus contributing significantly to discourse in gender studies, critical theory, and the aesthetics of institutional control.
Biopolitical, Connell, Masculinity, Posthuman, Sexuality
Copyright (c) 2026 Kumarika Roy Kumarika Roy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Revisiting Myths and Confronting the Colonial-imperial Power: A Paradigm of Eco-politics and beyond
This article explores how revisiting mythical narratives offer a subversive outlook to nature, and how the portrayal of human-nature relationship finds a strong alignment with ecocritical studies. It brings in some ecocritical concerns, i.e., critiques on anthropocentrism and nature-human binaries and critical projections of different natural degradations as presented in three myths, in underpinning the portrayal of women, war, nature, and natural phenomena in three mythological tales. In doing so, it concentrates on the myths of Ragnarok, Erysichthon and the adaptation of Greek myth in Aeschylus’s play Agamemnon (458 BCE). In light of the myths of Agamemnon and Erysichthon, the study intends to trace the integration of postcolonial conceptualisations of power with theo-critical lenses of eco-criticism and eco-feminism. In summary terms, all of these three theories envision a symmetry between social justice and environmental justice. In doing so, they strongly contest the European mythical anthropocene that comes to cause damage to all women, nonhuman beings and nature. Thus, as the paper examines, they critique every form of anthropocentric domination that is backed up by a binary politics, severing humankind from humankind itself, humankind from non-humankind and is cemented by the western imperial ideology of power, gender, femininity, development and technical-technological and economic advancements.
Myth, eco-politics, postcolonialism, gender, power
Copyright (c) 2026 Habibur Rahaman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
English: Empowering and/or Entrapping the Periphery
For centuries, the English language has been a dominant force in the world’s power dynamics. Although this language was used as a weapon to subjugate the people for cultivating cultural hegemony in the colonial period, it has empowered itself as a medium to furnish a modern, civilized, rational, and educated man in today’s postcolonial world (which is treated as periphery in contrast to Europe that is exhibited as center). In the process of empowering themselves through English, non-native peripheral English speakers are often entrapped in a monolingual world because they reject their native language. Now, a crucial question arises—whether the English language empowers the people of the periphery or entraps them by alienating them from their own culture and land. To address this debate, this article will examine the experiences and perspectives of peripheral writers, particularly from the Indian Subcontinent and the African Continent. Moreover, it will explore how the peripheral voice is raised to write back to the center, using the English language, and attempt to construct peripheral human subjectivity in opposition to psychological distortion. It will also seek to understand the future of the periphery and its people.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aroop Saha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The AI Classroom: Revolution, Cheat Engine, or the End of Critical Thinking?
The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT represents a seismic shift for educational paradigms. This article interrogates the multifaceted impact of AI in the classroom, moving beyond the initial panic over its potential as a sophisticated "cheat engine." It argues that while AI poses a genuine threat to traditional assessment methods and could potentially atrophy foundational critical thinking skills if misused, it also presents a revolutionary opportunity. The core challenge lies in re-evaluating the purpose of education in an age of ubiquitous knowledge synthesis. This paper explores a path forward, suggesting that the future lies not in restrictive bans but in strategic integration. By examining models where AI serves as a co-pilot for creativity and complex problem-solving, the article proposes a framework for educators to design assessments that leverage AI's capabilities while deepening, rather than replacing, human cognition. The conclusion posits that the ultimate outcome revolution, regression, or renaissance depends on our willingness to adapt pedagogical foundations for a new, collaborative intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sayed Mahbub Hasan Amiri, Prasun Goswami, Md. Mainul Islam, Mohammad Sohel Kabir, Naznin Akter, Chandan Kumar Barmmon, Sayed Majhab Hasan Amiri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Masks of Beauty: Scent, Stench, and Scars in Oyinkan Braithwaite’s My Sister, the Serial Killer
Beauty is a phenomenal concept and feature in human society, it has power to build, destroy and devastate that which is built as portrayed in Oyinkan Braithwaite’s My Sister, the Serial Killer. Extant scholarly views on the text have focused predominantly on patriarchy and feminism, with little or no consideration for the scent, stench and scar of beauty which is the crux of this paper. This paper, therefore, examines how men are enchanted with beauty, the destruction men are prone to and the indelible scars that emanated from an inordinate quest for physical beauty of a woman. Our research instrument shall be the library. The primary text which will serve as the data for this study is Oyinkan Braithwaite’s My Sister, the Serial Killer, it will be subjected to critical textual analysis. Inspiration will be drawn from Aristotle’s Model of Relational Theory of Beauty as theoretical framework; it will also undergird the analysis. It is significantly discovered that physical beauty has ensnared and destroyed men of high substance. It is also discovered that beauty is employed as camouflage for nefariousness. It concludes that beauty is a mask for people who use it as a cover for their real personalities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taiwo Osanyemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Information Distribution, Internet, and Libraries in Educational Development: Exploring Views of Students in African Universities
This study explored Information Distribution, Internet, and Libraries in Educational Development: Exploring Views of Students in African Universities. The objectives were to: Find out the frequency of libraries usage by students; the perceived impact of libraries on academic performance; the views of students about facilities in libraries and the specific kind of amenity that students suggest to leverage on library capacities in select African Universities. Two theories were put to back up the work which were: the Uses and Gratification theory and the Diffusion of Innovation theory. The method of research was online survey with a population at 191,306 students in four African universities. The sample size was at 800 students with questionnaire proportionately distributed. The major findings was that a significant majority of students (50% + 25% = 75%) use the library “Not Very Often” or “Not Often”. Only 9% of students use the library “Very Often”, and 16% use it “Often”. This suggests that library usage is generally low among students in the surveyed African universities. The recommendations are: That universities should be carrying out orientations and awareness campaigns for fresh and old students to understand the significance of regular use of libraries for academic purposes.
Educational, Development, Information, Libraries, Universities
Copyright (c) 2025 Akpan Udo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Blended Learning on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Urdu Language Learners
In today’s digital age, where communication technologies evolve at a rapid pace, learners are increasingly drawn to mobile devices and AI-powered tools that make education more interactive and engaging. Responding to this shift, educators are merging traditional classroom methods with digital innovations, giving rise to blended learning, face-to-face teaching, and online instruction. This study explored the impact of blended learning on ninth-grade Urdu language learners, using a true experimental pre-test–post-test design. Lessons were delivered over 30 days for the control and experimental groups. The Experimental group was taught using a carefully designed blended approach, while the control group followed conventional teaching methods. Post-intervention analysis revealed that blended learning significantly enhanced students' academic performance. The medium of instruction, parental education, and income influenced the outcomes, although gender showed no significant effect. The findings affirm the promise of blended learning in Urdu language education and advocate for continued research across diverse demographic and instructional contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Alaul Moin, Prof. Adam Paul Patteti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Rokeya’s Utopian Imagination: Revisiting Medieval Dream Allegory through a Feminist
This essay reinterprets Begum Rokeya’s Sultana’s Dream (1905) through the lens of the medieval dream vision genre, drawing parallels between Rokeya’s feminist utopia and traditional dream allegories. Sultana’s Dream envisions a fantastical world where women transcend the confines of purdah and the zenana, advocating for gender equality and education as central themes. By constructing the narrative as a dream journey, Rokeya aligns with the medieval tradition, using Sister Sara as a guiding figure akin to Boethius’ Lady Philosophy, a motif often seen in medieval dream visions like The Dream of the Rood. Sister Sara serves as a wise mentor, leading the protagonist towards a revelation of truth and a new societal order, reminiscent of the spiritual awakening found in medieval allegories. This paper argues that Rokeya’s utopian vision not only challenges the patriarchal structures of her time but also extends a broader critique relevant to both medieval and modern contexts. Through the dream framework, Rokeya crafts a feminist narrative that reimagines a self-sufficient, egalitarian society, demonstrating the transformative potential of the dream vision genre. Ultimately, the essay highlights how Sultana’s Dream bridges historical literary traditions with contemporary feminist discourse, presenting a radical vision of liberation and equality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Maher Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Convergence of Psychoanalysis and Environment in Desire Under the Elms
Eugene O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms intertwines complex psychological dynamics with a harsh, unforgiving rural environment to explore human desire, repression, and trauma. This paper will discuss the psychoanalytic underpinnings of O’Neill’s characters, particularly the patriarchal figure of Ephraim Cabot and his sons, as they navigate the oppressive forces of familial legacy, guilt, and yearning. Drawing on Freudian and Jungian concepts of the unconscious, repression, and desire, the study examines how the characters’ inner conflicts manifest in their interactions with the land and each other. The environmental setting of the play, as an extension of the characters’ psyches, becomes a powerful symbol for their emotional and psychological states. The convergence of psychoanalysis and environment not only shapes the tragic fate of the characters but also reflects broader themes of inheritance, power dynamics, and the inescapable pull of the past. This paper argues that the interplay between the psyche and the environment in Desire Under the Elms reveals a deeply intertwined relationship where the characters’ desires and their surroundings both shape and confine their destinies, offering a poignant critique of the human condition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Eaqub Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Historical Impact of Migration on the Economic and Social Development of Esie in the Twentieth Century
The people of Esie, Kwara State, Nigeria, have gained so much popularity for their stone images. However, there have been no comprehensive attempts to document other aspects of the people’s lives. This study therefore is aimed at exploring the impact of migration on the economic and social development of Esie in the twentieth century. At different times throughout the twentieth century, the people of Esie had cause to migrate outside of their homeland to find greener pastures. The migration paid off in the long run as remittances and returns from the trip impacted positively on the economic and social progress of the town, and the impact is still felt today. In terms of methodology, this paper obtains information from primary and secondary sources of historical research. The study finds that development of transportation and communication in the early part of the twentieth century played a major role in the migration of Esie people. Additionally, the success of returnees motivated more people to migrate for trade and educational purposes. Eventually, the returnees brought Islam and Christianity to the homeland and engaged in several infrastructural developments which are still very relevant today.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emmanuel Olaolu Ololade (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Behavioural Dynamics of Nepali Labour Migrants to India: A Case Study of the Gaddachowki Border Crossing to Mahendranagar, Nepal
Migration between Nepal and India is rooted phenomenon since generation, integral to the socio-cultural and economic fabric of both the nations. The open border between these countries facilitates the free movement of people, offering economic opportunities but also leading to shifts in behaviour, social dynamics, and cultural practices. This study examines the behavioural patterns of Nepali labour migrants at the Mahendranagar border, a critical transit- point due to its proximity to India and its role as a major migration hub. By employing observation, face-to-face interviews, and Key Informant Interviews (KII) as primary research techniques, this study delves into the details of migrant behaviour, with a particular focus on fooding, accommodation and entertainment during the stay of primary gateway town for their origin. These behaviours are often influenced by the stresses of migration, lack of awareness, and the socio-economic conditions in both the migrants’ places of origin and destination. The behavioural patterns of these migrants are shaped by various socio-economic, cultural, and psychological factors. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the behaviors exhibited by certain Nepali migrants at the Mahendranagar border, particularly their involvement in activities such as alcohol consumption and gambling. By examining these patterns, the research sheds light on the broader socio-economic challenges migrants encounters and the consequences of migration on their well-being and communities. Understanding these dynamics can help inform policies and interventions aimed at addressing the underlying issues and improving migrant welfare.
Migrants' Behaviour, Cross-Border, Alcohol consumption, Gambling, Transit
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepak Chandra Bhatt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Cultural Harmony: Future Strategies for Folk Culture and Consent-Based Marketing
This paper explores the intersection of folk culture and Consent-Based Marketing, focusing on how brands can ethically incorporate regional cultural elements in their marketing strategies. Folk culture, encompassing art forms, music, dance, and folklore, plays a significant role in shaping the identity of regional communities. Its integration into marketing efforts allows brands to foster a deeper emotional connection with local consumers, invoking feelings of nostalgia, pride, and cultural identity. Consent-Based Marketing, as introduced by Seth Godin, emphasizes the importance of obtaining explicit consumer consent before delivering messages, ensuring relevance and personalization. The paper argues that blending folk culture with Consent-Based Marketing can create culturally resonant campaigns that build trust, strengthen consumer-brand relationships, and respect local traditions. The research methodology consists of a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis. It examines existing academic work on folk culture and Consent-Based Marketing, as well as industry examples of successful campaigns. Through the analysis of case studies in FMCG, tourism, and e-commerce, the paper identifies best practices for incorporating folk culture into marketing strategies while addressing ethical concerns such as cultural appropriation. Case studies include the use of Madhubani art on packaging, Bihu dance in tourism campaigns, and folk music in e-commerce advertisements, each demonstrating how brands can create authentic and culturally sensitive marketing initiatives. The paper concludes by presenting a framework for integrating folk culture in Consent-Based Marketing campaigns, emphasizing the importance of respect for cultural heritage, community consent, and ethical practices. This approach not only enhances brand image but also strengthens the bond between brands and local consumers.
Folk culture, Consent-Based Marketing, cultural heritage, consumer trust, ethical marketing, cultural sensitivity
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ravneet Kaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Beyond the Traditional: A Postmodern Reading of Jules Verne’s Doctor Ox’s Experiment
Postmodernism, as a reaction against modernism, embraces diverse perspectives and rejects the idea of a singular truth, focusing instead on the fluidity of reality and the multiplicity of interpretations. In literature, the postmodern novel disrupts traditional notions of truth and narrative closure, opting instead for open-ended storytelling that relies on irony, pastiche, and intertextuality. These features invite readers to engage with a text on multiple levels, revealing new meanings through linguistic play and unconventional narrative strategies. Jules Verne’s Doctor Ox’s Experiment exemplifies this postmodern approach by challenging conventional literary norms. Through Verne’s use of irony, he deconstructs the stereotypes of the inhabitants of Quiquendonia, while blending fictional elements that blur the boundaries between reality and fabrication. Additionally, the intertextual connections present in the story enhance its depth, linking it to broader literary traditions. This study aims to explore Doctor Ox’s Experiment through a postmodern lens, examining how Verne employs key postmodern techniques to offer a nuanced critique of reality and narrative structure. By analyzing these features, the paper provides a fresh interpretation of Verne’s work, showcasing its significance within the framework of postmodern literary analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhd. Mustafizur Rahman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Aspect Recognition Theory and Ethical Dilemmas in Death Note: A Comprehensive Analysis of Character Development and Viewer Ethics within Otaku Culture
This paper examines Death Note through Aspect Recognition Theory, exploring the complex ethical dilemmas and character developments that define the series. By juxtaposing utilitarianism and deontology, the narrative interrogates notions of justice, morality, and the abuse of power. Light Yagami's transformation into Kira represents a moral conflict that blurs the lines between right and wrong, challenging viewers to question established ethical frameworks. The deontological stances of L and Near further highlight the tension between individual rights and vigilante justice, raising profound questions about the sanctity of due process and accountability. Situated within Otaku culture, this study contextualizes Death Note as a cultural artifact that transcends entertainment, fostering intellectual engagement with ethical and philosophical themes. The application of Aspect Recognition Theory offers a unique lens to analyse identity construction and moral ambiguity, revealing how Death Note engages global audiences in critical discussions on justice, surveillance, and human agency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Apurva Lohumi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pluralism in Cultural Research: Methodological Critique through Interdisciplinary Lenses
Cultural research is a dynamic field of social science research that investigates the intricate relationships between culture, human behaviour, and societal structures through diverse theoretical frameworks and methodologies. This systematic review aligns various theories such as positivism, constructivism, symbolic interactionism, cultural materialism, postcolonial theory, and feminist cultural studies, appreciating the interdisciplinary approach to understanding culture. As cultural research is more fluid and sensitive, it belongs to the subjective world in multi-real contexts. There must be more than one theoretical or blanket approach to address the complex cultural constructs and social interactions. It is shifting from a pure disciplinary or theoretical perspective to a more interdisciplinary and plural perspective. Therefore, the results highlight the crucial need to embrace methodological diversity, as it significantly enriches the interpretation of cultural studies, providing profound insights. The significant findings suggest cultural research is a diverse, methodologically plural and complex domain. By integrating different theoretical approaches from an interdisciplinary perspective, cultural research in future must gain profound insights into emerging cultural contexts and their narratives on individuals and communities, underscoring the field's relevance from post-structural and post-modern contexts too.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahendra Sapkota (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ethical and Cognitive Impacts of Machine Learning in Education: A Stakeholder-Centric Analysis
This study explores machine learning (ML) in education, focusing on its effects on creativity, critical thinking, and a human-centered approach to learning. It addresses ethical issues and the risk of dehumanizing education, stressing the importance of balanced frameworks that maintain human interaction and essential pedagogical principles. The research utilizes a quantitative approach, examining online data analytics and stakeholder engagement metrics from platform X. The stakeholder analysis shows differing engagement levels: students displayed a high level of interest, while teachers showed mixed responses. Quantitative findings, such as the average views and standard deviation (882.5) for teachers, highlight the complex dynamics of stakeholder interest. By integrating these insights with an analysis of stakeholder discussions, the study uncovers significant gaps and opportunities in ML-enhanced learning environments. It underscores the necessity of equipping educators with the skills to effectively incorporate ML and promoting inclusive, reflective practices to enhance cognitive engagement. The results contribute to the ongoing conversation about the responsible and meaningful implementation of ML in education, providing strategies to tackle ethical, pedagogical, and stakeholder-related challenges. This study concludes on the ethical use of machine learning processes and recommends for more stakeholders and educational institutions active engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Busayo Ajayi, Adu Emmanuel Ifedayo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Critical Examination of Lucrece’s Chastity: Analyzing the Interplay of Love and Moral Justification in The Rape of Lucrece
This research paper examines the complex motivations behind Lucrece’s tragic decision to commit suicide in Shakespeare’s The Rape of Lucrece, following her violation by Tarquin. Lucrece, a character defined by her beauty and chastity, confronts the devastating loss of her chastity after the assault, leading her to perceive suicide as the only means to reclaim her honor by destroying her beauty. The paper explores the intricate interplay between love, guilt, and identity in Lucrece’s experience. Love is portrayed as a multifaceted emotion, where some perceive it as their entire existence, while others see it merely as a facet of life or a precursor to sexual desire. Additionally, love can evoke strong emotional attachments, complicating the concept of agency in Lucrece’s tragic circumstances. This study argues that Lucrece’s actions stem not only from her emotional turmoil but also from societal expectations regarding female honor. Ultimately, it seeks to uncover the nuances behind her decision, questioning whether her guilt and desire for honor led her to invite Tarquin’s advances subconsciously, thereby examining the extremities of her commitment to preserving her chastity and the implications of her suicide within the broader context of gender and honor.
Chastity, love, morality, gender, psychological turmoil
Copyright (c) 2024 Sanskriti: Journal of Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
King Makers of the Vedic Age: Their Evolution and Influence in Modern Governance
This paper explores the evolution and influence of the king makers or electors, known as Ratnins, in Vedic society, as depicted in the Brāhmaṇa texts. In the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, eleven Ratnins are identified, categorized as rājāno rājakrit (dynastic) and arājāno rājakrit (non-dynastic). The Taittareya Brāhmaṇa mentions twelve Ratnins, while the Atharva-Veda highlights five, including key figures such as the Sūta (bard) and Rathakāra (charioteer). These king makers played crucial roles in society, particularly during the Rājasūya sacrifice, where they received jewels in exchange for their service. The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa identifies an expanded group of eleven Ratnins, including the Senāṇī, Purohita, Mahiṣī, and others, reflecting their growing importance over time. This paper examines their evolving roles in Vedic governance and their lasting impact on modern political systems.
Ratnins, Senāṇī, Govikartana, Saṃgrahitā, Pālāgala.
Awareness and Usage of Innovative Video-Assisted Application among Adult Literacy Learners in Ondo State, Nigeria
The study explores the awareness and usage of Innovative Video Assisted Application (IVAA) among adult literacy learners in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing two research questions and one hypothesis. The sample consisted of 95 adult literacy learners, selected from three literacy centers across the Ondo State senatorial districts. Data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire, validated by experts in education and language. Reliability was established with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of 0.79 and 0.80 for awareness and usage, respectively. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated a high level of awareness and usage of IVAA among adult literacy learners, with no significant gender-based differences in usage for learning cultural literacy (t = .666; p > 0.05). The study recommends that workshops be organized for instructors and learners to enhance the effective use of IVAA in literacy programs. This underscores the potential of video-assisted applications to enhance adult education and foster cultural literacy.
Information and Communication Technologies, Innovative Video Assisted Application, Adult literacy learners, Cultural literacy, Awareness, Usage.
Some Dramatic Scenes and Their Significance in Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel Untouchable
This paper discusses about the dramatic scenes and their significance found in Mulk Raj Anand’s first novel Untouchable. From the deep study in the novel, the early morning scene, the well-scene, the touching scene, the most pathetic scene, the pollution scene, the Chapati-throwing scene and the hockey match scene are found to be focused. Bakha is a key person of the novel who is enthusiastic to hire his senses to adore the satisfaction of environment. His vocation-the duty of searching has destroyed his preferred senses. He discovers happy in nature which influences him, but he notices the impact only in a confined superficial way. It is the tiring schedule and the dirty job of cleaning toilets that have made Bakha unfit of admiring natural prettiness. Thus, the match provides the novelist with yet another occasion to depict the inhumanity of the caste Hindus and the degrading and demoralizing effect of untouchability.
Morning Scene, Well Scene, Touching Scene, Population Scene, Hockey-Match
Story Type and Factors to Adjust Story of Lanna Oral Buddhist Literature: Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
This study was aimed at analyzing the identity and development of Lanna oral Buddhist literature. Research tools included (1) a questionnaire by collecting data from 304 regular users of local oral literature and analyzing data by percentage, mean, and standard deviation and (2) a structured interview form by collecting data from 6 experts in local Buddhist literature and analyzing data by descriptive analysis. The results indicated that (1) Story Type of local oral literature included traditional preaching, alms offering, asking for forgiveness, Triple Gem and others, Lanna proverbs, storytelling, morals, asking for forgiveness from dead bodies, traditional praying, sharing of loving kindness, introduction before starting a ritual, and sayings for pouring water on Phra That Chedi and (2) Factors to Adjust Story of local oral literature arose from changes according to the community context, consistency with governance system, integration with current events and local and various languages, such as Thai, Chinese, and English, application of concepts and beliefs from other localities, content shortening, deployment according to the specified time, more use of central Thai than local languages, and use of Pali with Thai accent instead of Pali with Lanna accent.
Identity, Buddhist Literature, Lanna Oral Literature
Gender and Use of AI Generated Photographs: Illusion, Delusion and Make- Belief in The Digital Space
This study examines the influence of gender on use of AI generated photographs, and how they create illusion, delusion and make-belief in the mind of the people. The idea behind this study is because of the proliferation of AI-generated images that have overtaken the social media space. The research method adopted for the study is the qualitative research method, leveraging on extensive review of existing literature, documents and articles from reputable journals. The relationship between AI and the digital space is complex and multi-faceted. AI is used to create new digital spaces and experiences, and can also be used to improve existing ones. However, AI is raising questions about privacy, bias, control, and even the nature of personhood. These are important issues that will need to be addressed as AI technology continues to develop. AI generated photographs are a bit of both-they can be both illusion and delusion, depending on how you look at them.
Gender, AI-Generated photographs, Illusion, Delusion, Make belief, Digital space
Intellectual Environmental History of India: A Study on Ideas of Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Environmental history emerged as an exciting historical inquiry in the last three decades in India. It mainly focuses on the relationship between human beings and nature in the past. Intellectual environmental history documents the ideas of intellectuals from ecological perspective. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to capture the ideas of Deen Dayal Upadhyay from ecological perceptive. The philosophical outlook of Upadhyaya embedded fascinating views on the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature. His writings reflect the deep spiritual relationship between culture and natural forms in India. This paper proposes that an attempt to document the ecological dimension of Upadhyay is useful in the context of his growing reputation as original nationalist thinkers in the contemporary India.
Ecology, Hinduism, Decentralisation, Nature, Culture.
The Portrait of Moralities In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawtorne
The aimed of this research was to analyze and describe about the morality in Nathaniel Hawthorne work entitled The Portrait of morality in Scarlet Letter Novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Specially ,this research deal with (1) What are the potrait of moralities by the main characters Hester Prynne ,Arthur Dimmsdale and Roger Chilingworth drawn in Scarlet Letter Novel (2) What are the sequences of these moralities for the main character as the doer of the moralities in Scarlet Letter Novel. This research was descriptive qualitative research. The data were words, phrases, sentences from the first chapter until the last chapter. Theories used used in this research were concerned with novel as a literary work, morals and ethics,morality,morality and religion,morality and law,immorality and the structural approach in literary criticism.This research was catagorized as literary criticms,where the researcher doing analysis, interpretation and evaluation in conducting the research.The writer applies the structural approach in hisresearchbecause to analyzes what moralities characters and what is the consequences of these moralities for the character’s life based on the instrinsic element of this novel.The result of this research were stated as follow: (1)The moralities found in the Scarlet Letter Novel were adultery,hypocrisy and revenge (2)The three main characters get different consequences of thier morality and face the risk of the morality in different ways.Finally the author can conclude that no one is perfect even the priest which supposed tobe the right hand of God.This novel reveal the morality in details and the important point is how this novel is relevant for generation to generation as a guidebook in morality aspect in society.And the writer advise that the next writer will write about literary critism in different point of view.
potrait of moralities, characters, novel
A Semantic Analysis of Modality in the Lyrics of Taylor Swift’s Songs
Modality is a key semantic category that operates at the sentence level. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of modality and semantic meaning of modality in Taylor Swift's songs lyrics. The data are all lyrics from five selected songs on Taylor Swift's Folklore album: August, Cardigan, Mad Woman, Peace and Seven. The method for the research was qualitative content analysis. The results showed 31 modalities, among which were the epistemic modality; necessity (1), and probability (6). Deontic modality; obligation (2). Dynamic modality; Ability (6) and volition (16). Additionally, volition is the semantic meaning of modality that this research indicated to be most dominant. In dynamic modality, volition is the desire to act consciously or intentionally, which requires the individual's choice and effort. Students and individuals who have a solid understanding of modality are better able to communicate their ideas clearly and modify their communication style in accordance with the situation.
Semantic, Modality, and Taylor Swift’s Songs.
The Role of Electronic Educational Language Games in Creating Good Learners
The paper explores the electronic educational language games’ impact on learners’ development. As technology continues, electronic educational language games emerge as a promising tool to enhancing language acquisition skills and increasing academic performance. The paper reviews educational games’ literature to give understanding of the benefits of creating good learners and the associated challenges. The findings hope to give insights to optimize educational strategies in digital age, the discourse on technology’s role in enhancing learning outcomes and shaping the future of education. The findings suggest that such games have a role in having good learners, besides recommending that associated challenges require careful consideration. The paper ends with recommendations on harnessing the potential of these games to create good learners.
Educational Technology, Electronic Educational Language Games, Distinguished Learners, Cognitive Skills, Social Interaction.